Source code for mchammer.ensembles.canonical_annealing

"""Definition of the canonical annealing class."""

import numpy as np

from ase import Atoms
from ase.units import kB
from typing import Dict, List

from .. import DataContainer
from ..calculators import ClusterExpansionCalculator
from .thermodynamic_base_ensemble import ThermodynamicBaseEnsemble


[docs]class CanonicalAnnealing(ThermodynamicBaseEnsemble): """Instances of this class allow one to carry out simulated annealing in the canonical ensemble, i.e. the temperature is varied in pre-defined fashion while the composition is kept fixed. See :class:`mchammer.ensembles.CanonicalEnsemble` for more information about the standard canonical ensemble. The canonical annealing ensemble can be useful, for example, for finding ground states or generating low energy configurations. The temperature control scheme is selected via the ``cooling_function`` keyword argument, while the initial and final temperature are set via the ``T_start`` and ``T_stop`` arguments. Several pre-defined temperature control schemes are available including `linear` and `exponential`. In the latter case the temperature varies logarithmatically as a function of the MC step, emulating the exponential temperature dependence of the atomic exchange rate encountered in many materials. It is also possible to provide a user defined cooling function via the keyword argument. This function must comply with the following function header:: def cooling_function(step, T_start, T_stop, n_steps): T = ... # compute temperature return T Here ``step`` refers to the current MC trial step. Parameters ---------- structure : :class:`Atoms <ase.Atoms>` atomic configuration to be used in the Monte Carlo simulation; also defines the initial occupation vector calculator : :class:`BaseCalculator <mchammer.calculators.ClusterExpansionCalculator>` calculator to be used for calculating the potential changes that enter the evaluation of the Metropolis criterion T_start : float temperature from which the annealing is started T_stop : float final temperature for annealing n_steps : int number of steps to take in the annealing simulation cooling_function : str/function to use the predefined cooling functions provide a string `linear` or `exponential`, otherwise provide a function boltzmann_constant : float Boltzmann constant :math:`k_B` in appropriate units, i.e. units that are consistent with the underlying cluster expansion and the temperature units [default: eV/K] user_tag : str human-readable tag for ensemble [default: None] random_seed : int seed for the random number generator used in the Monte Carlo simulation dc_filename : str name of file the data container associated with the ensemble will be written to; if the file exists it will be read, the data container will be appended, and the file will be updated/overwritten data_container_write_period : float period in units of seconds at which the data container is written to file; writing periodically to file provides both a way to examine the progress of the simulation and to back up the data [default: 600 s] ensemble_data_write_interval : int interval at which data is written to the data container; this includes for example the current value of the calculator (i.e. usually the energy) as well as ensembles specific fields such as temperature or the number of atoms of different species trajectory_write_interval : int interval at which the current occupation vector of the atomic configuration is written to the data container. sublattice_probabilities : List[float] probability for picking a sublattice when doing a random swap. This should be as long as the number of sublattices and should sum up to 1. """ def __init__(self, structure: Atoms, calculator: ClusterExpansionCalculator, T_start: float, T_stop: float, n_steps: int, cooling_function: str = 'exponential', user_tag: str = None, boltzmann_constant: float = kB, random_seed: int = None, dc_filename: str = None, data_container_write_period: float = 600, ensemble_data_write_interval: int = None, trajectory_write_interval: int = None, sublattice_probabilities: List[float] = None) -> None: self._ensemble_parameters = dict(n_steps=n_steps) # add species count to ensemble parameters for sl in calculator.sublattices: for symbol in sl.chemical_symbols: key = 'n_atoms_{}'.format(symbol) count = structure.get_chemical_symbols().count(symbol) self._ensemble_parameters[key] = count super().__init__( structure=structure, calculator=calculator, user_tag=user_tag, random_seed=random_seed, dc_filename=dc_filename, data_container_class=DataContainer, data_container_write_period=data_container_write_period, ensemble_data_write_interval=ensemble_data_write_interval, trajectory_write_interval=trajectory_write_interval, boltzmann_constant=boltzmann_constant) self._temperature = T_start self._T_start = T_start self._T_stop = T_stop self._n_steps = n_steps self._ground_state_candidate = self.configuration.structure self._ground_state_candidate_potential = calculator.calculate_total( occupations=self.configuration.occupations) # setup cooling function if isinstance(cooling_function, str): available = sorted(available_cooling_functions.keys()) if cooling_function not in available: raise ValueError( 'Select from the available cooling_functions {}'.format(available)) self._cooling_function = available_cooling_functions[cooling_function] elif callable(cooling_function): self._cooling_function = cooling_function else: raise TypeError('cooling_function must be either str or a function') if sublattice_probabilities is None: self._swap_sublattice_probabilities = self._get_swap_sublattice_probabilities() else: self._swap_sublattice_probabilities = sublattice_probabilities @property def temperature(self) -> float: """ Current temperature """ return self._temperature @property def T_start(self) -> float: """ Starting temperature """ return self._T_start @property def T_stop(self) -> float: """ Starting temperature """ return self._T_stop @property def n_steps(self) -> int: """ Number of steps to carry out """ return self._n_steps @property def estimated_ground_state(self): """ Structure with lowest observed potential during run """ return self._ground_state_candidate.copy() @property def estimated_ground_state_potential(self): """ Lowest observed potential during run """ return self._ground_state_candidate_potential
[docs] def run(self): """ Runs the annealing. """ if self.step >= self.n_steps: raise Exception('Annealing has already finished') super().run(self.n_steps - self.step)
def _do_trial_step(self) -> int: """ Carries out one Monte Carlo trial step. """ self._temperature = self._cooling_function( self.step, self.T_start, self.T_stop, self.n_steps) sublattice_index = self.get_random_sublattice_index(self._swap_sublattice_probabilities) return self.do_canonical_swap(sublattice_index=sublattice_index) def _get_ensemble_data(self) -> Dict: """Returns the data associated with the ensemble. For the CanonicalAnnealing this specifically includes the temperature. """ data = super()._get_ensemble_data() data['temperature'] = self.temperature if data['potential'] < self._ground_state_candidate_potential: self._ground_state_candidate_potential = data['potential'] self._ground_state_candidate = self.configuration.structure return data
def _cooling_linear(step, T_start, T_stop, n_steps): return T_start + (T_stop-T_start) * step / (n_steps - 1) def _cooling_exponential(step, T_start, T_stop, n_steps): return T_start - (T_start - T_stop) * np.log(step+1) / np.log(n_steps) available_cooling_functions = dict(linear=_cooling_linear, exponential=_cooling_exponential)